Heating apparatus



Patented Sept. 15, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENToFeieE 2,054,1 2 7 HEATINGAPPARATUS James Norman Macrae, Stamford, Conn. Application April 22,1932, Serial No. 606,811

4 Claims. (oi.15s 1.5)

This invention, relates to a structurally and functionally improved formof heating apparatus capable of use in numerous different associations,but primarily intended for employment in con- 5 nection with boilers,furnaces and similar mechanism of a commercial or domestic nature.

It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus of thischaracter which will be of primary utility when correlatedat the time ofmanufacture-with a boiler or furnace but which may, if desired, beadapted and applied to an already existing installation. Whetherinitially or subsequently provided, however, an extremely efficientcombustion cycle will occur and by means of which in any giveninstallation low stack temperatures will result, although the flame willbe of maximum intensity.

Another object of the invention is that of constructing a heatingapparatus which may readily be set in operation and. in which theinstallation and manufacturing costs of the apparatus will be relativelylow.

Another object is to furnish an apparatus of this type which will renderefficient service for long periods of time with freedom fromdiflicultiesand in which, when adjustments, renewals or corrections are required,they may be achieved with minimum effort and expense.

IVith these and other objects in mind reference is had to the attachedsheet of drawing illustrating one practical embodiment of the inventionand in which:

Fig. 1 is a sectional side View of a heating ap-' paratus embodying thepresent invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional side view of the intake head and V Fig.3 is a face view of said head.

Referring primarily to Fig. 1, it will be seen that a boiler has beenillustrated which is the subject matter of a copending application forLetters Patent, Serial No. 567,548, filed October 8, 1931. This boilerincludes a combustion chamber 5, lined, for example, with suitablerefractory material 6, and having an inlet opening I and an outletopening, or passage, 8. The opening 8 communicates with the rear ends ofan upper bank of tubes 9 and secondary combustion may occur within thesetubes. The products of combustion pass into a head H) at the forward 50end of the boiler and flow downwardly into the forward ends of a lowerbank of tubes II similar to tubes 9. Thence the products of combustionescape into the conduit [2 and flow thence through the intake end l3 ofan exhaust fan I4,

the latter discharging through an opening I5 into a stack (not shown).

The boiler is preferably jacketed as at l6 and this jacket may have adrain opening H, it being noted that, as described in my said copending6 application, communication is provided between the jacket and interiorof the boiler by means of a series of openings Hi. In this manner feedwater (from a source not shown) can be established at a proper level inthe jacket and will be 10 preheated, the water being capable of readilyflowing into the boiler with a view to replenishing the supply thereinas it becomes exhausted. Also, as moisture condenses and returns throughthe openings l9, it will pass into the jacket, and not 15 into the bodyof highly heated water within the boiler body proper.

Secured to the forward end of the boiler is a plate 29 which is formedwith a central opening normally closed by a cap 2|. Mounted by the 20latter is a nozzle 22 adjacent which electrodes 23 extend.' The plate ispreferably formed with an observation opening 24, this opening being sodisposed that all or a portion of the interior of the combustion chamber5 may be observed. It 25 will be appreciated that the rear refractorywall might also be pierced in line with this opening so that readyobservation will be practicable.

The boiler is preferably supported upon a frame 25, which also mounts amotor 26 driving a pump 21, as well as an exhaust blower or fan I4. Themotor may be connected to a switch (not shown) of the relay or handtype, to which are also connected the electrodes 23; Thus, by means ofthe usual layout of control apparatus, the mo- 35 tor is set tooperating and a spark gap or source of primary ignition is providedadjacent the outlet end of the nozzle. With the motor operating it willbe apparent that fuel oil will be ejected from the nozzle and that airwill be drawn past 40 the latter through the various passages providedfor this purpose. The electrodes will function to ignite the resultantfuel mixture and the flame will move in contact with the refractory 6and the products of combustion will flow through the passage 8, tubes 9,passage IE3, tubes H, passages l2 and I3, through the pump it and thencebe discharged through the stack.

' With a view to assuring combustion of maximum efiiciency, it isdesirable that the air flowing past the nozzle be given a vortex action.The plate 20 is, for example, spaced from the forward end of the boilerto an extent adequate to permit of a suflicient flow of air at thispoint. Additionally, however, the'inner face of the plate is providedwith a series of spiral inwardly extending fins or ribs 28 so that asthe air enters it will be given a twisting action. This will obviouslyresult in a rapid rotation of the air column as it flows through theopening I, thus achieving the desired results. 3

It will of course be understood that the motor 26 is preferablyconnected to arelay which is in turn controlled from a thermostat. Bymeans of the present invention it is apparent that a boiler is providedwhich will be capable of working entirely without a stack, although itwillie; course be understood that such stack will ordi-' narily beprovided. More especially, in the case of a gun-blower type of oilburner, as heretofore developed, it has been almost necessary that astack having a natural draft; of a certain. minimum factor be available.

bustion would not traverse the flue passages and escape through thestack. By means. of the present invention, however, and having in mindthat the blower isconnected to the exhaust end of the boiler or furnace,it is obvious that when the motor 28 is set inoperation, the'exhaust fan7 will primarily begin to operate, thus establishing the necessary flowof air into the combustion chamber past the nozzle. Immediatelysubsequently thereto the flame will be developed with-. in. thecombustion chamber and as the apparatus functions the combustion airwill fiow over the plate ZO'andbe preheated. Of course, asshown,

air may also how through an internally ribbed tube 29 which is mounted,for example, upon the hub 2 i and in turn mounts the nozzle 22; When themotor 26 ceases to operate it is apparent that there will be no dangerof a pull back. for the reasonthat the products of combustion will besubstantially completely exhausted through the combustion chamber withno probability of a reversal of flow and regardless of; the existencetion products and having an opening in. one end thereof for introductionof oil and air, a plate or non-existence of a stack. 7

With regard to the motor, it will be understood that the operation ofthis member and the blower are governed by any or all of the usual.controls, .which include, for example, relay operating as new anddesire. to secure by Letters Patent is:

,1. An oil burning apparatus including a casing providing aapassage, forthe flow of combusrernevably 'associated with said end of'said casingand placed over said opening, fins securedv to the inner face of saidplate. and in'conta'ct with said end, such fins providing between thempassages for the flow of air, the air. being preheated by contact withsaid end' of said casing, a fuel Otherwise,. improper combustion wouldoccur and the products of comsupplying tube extending through the plate,and a fuel nozzle connected to said tube and projecting into saidopening for the discharge of oil into said casing. p

2. An oil burning apparatus including a casing providing a passage forthe flow of combustion products and having an opening in one end thereoffor introduction of oil and air, a plate removably associated'with saidend of said casing and placed over said opening, fins secured to theinner face of said plate and in. contact with said end, such finsproviding between them passages for the flow of air, the air beingpreheated'by contact with said end of said casing, said plate beingformed with an opening in line with said casing opening a cap mounted onsaid plate and closing said plate opening, said cap being formed with-atransversely extending bore, a fuel supplying tube having a diameterless than said bore, a fuel nozzle coupled to the inner end of suchtube, and means for adjustably supporting said tube" with respect tosaid cap and within said bore whereby said tube may be longitudinally,

shifted, the: space between said tube and the surface of the cap boreproviding a passage for the how of air. 7

'3. An oil burning apparatus including a caslatter, said plate beingalso formed with an'open-.

ing in line. with the casing opening, a cap mounton said. plate andcovering such plate opening, said cap having transversely extending.bores, a fuel supplying tube extending through one of said bores andlongitudinally shiftable with respect to said cap, a. fuel nozzlemounted on the inner endotsuchtube, and an igniting element extendingthrough. another of said bores and longitudinally shittablewith. respectto said cap andsaid tube.

4 An oil burning apparatus including a cas ing providing a passage forthe flow of combustion products. and having. an opening in one endthereof for introduction of oil and air, a plate removably associatedwith said end. of said casing and.- placed. over said opening, finssecured to the inner tace. of said plate and in contact with saidend,such fins extending from the periphery of the plate towards its center.andproviding'between them passages for the flow of air, the air beingpreheated by contact with said end of said casing, said plate beingformed with an opening substantiallyfin line with said casing'opening, acap mounted on. said plate and closing the plate opening, said. capbeing formed with a transversely, extending bore, a fuel supplying tubeof a diameter less than thatof such bore and extending through the same,a 'fuel nozzle mounted on. the inner end of such tube, and means forsecuring, said tube within said bore whereby the same may be axiallyshifted.

JAMES NORMAN MACRAE.

